Electric Pallet Truk-lithium Or Acid?

There are several differences between lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries in their application in electric pallet trucks, and these differences directly affect the vehicle's performance, cost, and user experience. The following is an objective comparison based on key dimensions.

1. Lifespan and Cycle Life

Lithium-ion batteries typically have a charge-discharge cycle life of 800-1000 cycles, with some lithium iron phosphate batteries reaching 2000-3000 cycles, corresponding to a normal service life of approximately 5-6 years; lead-acid batteries generally have a cycle life of 300-500 cycles, with a lifespan of about 2-3 years, requiring more frequent replacement.

While graphene-enhanced lead-acid batteries can increase the cycle life to 500-600 cycles, they are more expensive.

2. Weight and Vehicle Performance

Lithium-ion batteries have a high energy density, resulting in significantly lighter weight for the same capacity (e.g., a 48V20Ah battery pack weighs about 3-10kg), making the vehicle lighter and improving handling efficiency and maneuverability; lead-acid batteries are heavier (approximately 15-30kg for the same capacity), which may increase vehicle energy consumption and handling burden.

Lightweight design has a positive impact on the range and power output of electric pallet trucks. Lithium-ion batteries have more stable discharge, and their acceleration and climbing performance are superior to lead-acid batteries.

3. Charging Speed and Efficiency

Lithium-ion batteries support fast charging, with a full charge typically taking 2-3 hours; lead-acid batteries charge more slowly, generally requiring 8-10 hours.

Fast charging reduces downtime and improves the operational continuity of electric pallet trucks in logistics and other scenarios.

4. Range and Capacity

Lithium-ion batteries offer a longer range at the same capacity, with some models reaching over 100 kilometers; lead-acid batteries generally have a range of 30-60 kilometers.

However, the range of lead-acid batteries can be increased by increasing capacity, but at the cost of further increased weight.

5. Initial Cost and Long-Term Economics

Lithium-ion batteries have a higher initial purchase cost (approximately 2-3 times that of lead-acid batteries); lead-acid batteries are cheaper, but require frequent replacement due to their shorter lifespan.

In the long term, the total cost of ownership (TCO) of lithium-ion batteries may be lower, for example, fewer replacements are needed within 3 years, saving on replacement costs and time. 

6. Safety and Maintenance Requirements

Lead-acid battery technology is mature and easy to repair and replace, but traditional models require regular maintenance (such as adding water). Gel lead-acid batteries are maintenance-free but slightly more expensive; lithium batteries are maintenance-free, their safety depends on the BMS system, and they have a stable structure and are not prone to thermal runaway, but overcharging and over-discharging should be avoided.

Lithium iron phosphate batteries perform exceptionally well in terms of safety and are suitable for handling scenarios requiring high stability.

7. Environmental Friendliness and Recycling

Lithium battery production and use processes generate less pollution and do not contain heavy metals; lead-acid batteries have high recycling value and mature recycling technology, but the lead content may pose environmental risks.

Environmental factors need to be assessed in conjunction with local recycling infrastructure.

Summary: When choosing, it is necessary to weigh the frequency of use, cycle life, and budget: for short-term or low-frequency use, the cost advantage of lead-acid batteries can be prioritized; for long-term, high-frequency use, lithium batteries are more competitive in terms of lifespan, efficiency, and overall cost.